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Nanostructured graded-index core chalcogenide fiber with all-normal dispersion–design and nonlinear simulations

Bartłomiej Siwicki, Adam Filipkowski, Rafał Kasztelanic, Mariusz Klimczak, and Ryszard Buczyński

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We propose a new approach to developing of graded-index chalcogenide fibers. Since chalcogenide glasses are incompatible with current vapor deposition techniques, the arbitrary refractive index gradient is obtained by means of core nanostructurization by the effective medium approach. We study the influence of graded-index core profile and the core diameter on the fiber dispersion characteristics. Flat, normal dispersion profiles across the mid-infrared transmission window of the assumed glasses are easily obtained for the investigated core nanostructure layouts. Nonlinear propagation simulations enable to expect 3.5-8.5 µm spectrum of coherent, pulse preserving supercontinuum. Fabrication feasibility of the proposed fiber is also discussed.

© 2017 Optical Society of America

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Figures (12)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Calculated (a) material dispersion and (b) dispersion D of Ge10As23.4Se66.6 and As40Se60 chalcogenide glasses.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Scheme of effective refractive index profile of the nanostructured fiber core. (a) step-index, (b) linear, (c) parabolic, (d) x4.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Comparison of a graded-index core chalcogenide fiber chromatic dispersion. Assumed step-index, linear, parabolic and x4 profiles of refractive index of the core with dc = 16 μm.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Numerically obtained dispersion characteristics of chalcogenide fiber with nanostructured graded-index core for various core diameters dc. (a) step-index, (b) linear, (c) parabolic and (d) x4 profile of refractive index.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 SC spectra obtained in nanostructured graded-index core chalcogenide fiber, pumped with 200 fs duration, 1 nJ input energy and 100 kHz repetition rate for various pump wavelengths.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 SC generated in graded-index core chalcogenide fibers with three gradient profiles of refractive index in the core, step-index fiber as a reference and with core diameter (a) dc = 8 μm and (b) dc = 10 μm. Sample length 2 cm, pump pulse: central wavelength 6.3 μm, 1 nJ input energy, 200 fs duration, 100 kHz repetition rate.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Nonlinear coefficient γ of graded-index core chalcogenide fibers with three gradient profiles of refractive index in the core, step-index fiber as a reference and dc = 10 μm.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 SC generated in graded-index core chalcogenide fibers with parabolic profile of refractive index inside the core and core diameter dc = 8 or 10 μm. Sample length 2 cm, pump pulse: central wavelength 6.3 μm, 1 nJ input energy, 200 fs duration, 100 kHz repetition rate.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Complex degree of first-order coherence | g 12 (1) (λ) | calculated from a set of 20 independent pairs of SC spectra in graded-index core chalcogenide fiber with parabolic profile of refractive index inside the core and dc = 10 μm.. Pump pulse used: 6.3 μm central wavelength, 1 nJ input energy, 200 fs duration, 100 kHz repetition rate.

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Fig. 10
Fig. 10 Left: Refractive index distribution in the fiber core; Right: central cross-section of the refractive index distribution. (a) Discretized target assumed parabolic distribution of refractive index, (b) averaged parabolic distribution of refractive index inside the core calculated using the SA algorithm.

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Fig. 11
Fig. 11 Glass rods distribution of the graded-index core chalcogenide fiber, calculated with effective medium approach. Fiber made of AsSe (higher refractive index) and GeAsSe (lower refractive index) glasses and core with dc = 10 μm.

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Fig. 12
Fig. 12 Dispersion of an ideal parabolic and the discrete grade-index core chalcogenide fiber structures with dc = 10 μm.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Sellmeier coefficients of the AsSe and GeAsSe glassesa.

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Equations (4)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

| g 12 (1) (λ) |=| 〈 E 1 * (λ) E 2 (λ) 〉 〈 | E 1 (λ) | 2 〉〈 | E 2 (λ) | 2 〉 |,
ε eff = ε e +3f ε e ε i − ε e ε i +2 ε e −f( ε i − ε e ) ,
ε eff = ε e +f( ε i − ε e ).
H(S)= ∑ i,j | n eff ( x i , y j )− n ideal ( x i , y j )| .
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