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Optimized plasmonic nanostructures for improved sensing activities

Hong Shen, Nicolas Guillot, Jérémy Rouxel, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, and Timothée Toury

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The paper outlines the optimization of plasmonic nanostructures in order to improve their sensing properties such as their sensitivity and their ease of manipulation. The key point in this study is the optimization of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties essential to the sensor characteristics, and more especially for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Two aspects were considered in order to optimize the sensing performance: apolar plasmonic nanostructures for non polarization dependent detection and improvements of SERS sensitivity by using a molecular adhesion layer between gold nanostructures and glass. Both issues could be generalized to all plasmon-resonance-based sensing applications.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 SEM images of nano-star (a) nano-triangle (b) nano-cylinder (c) and nano-ellipse (d); (e) schematic of the experimental setup for extinction and SERS measurements

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Extinction spectra of gold nano-cylinders (diameter 260 nm, height 50 nm) (red line) and gold nano-stars (side length 150 nm, height 50 nm) (green line) (a): each has a resonance peak at 790 nm, the values of the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) are 110 nm and 83 nm respectively for nano-cylinders (red arrow) and nano-stars (green arrow); Extinction spectra of gold nano-stars (b) and nano-cylinders (c) (the same particles in (a)) with perpendicular polarization directions.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 LSPR position (a) and intensity (b) versus incidence polarization angle for nano-stars (length 150 nm, height 50 nm) and nano-ellipses. Nano-ellipses (length 80 nm, width 40 nm, height 50 nm) have two LSPR position (one for short axis, another one for the long axis). Only their strength depends on polarization. Nanostars have only one major LSPR.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 SERS intensity (normalized by average value) versus incidence polarization angle for nano-stars (a) and nano-triangles (b) (length: 100 nm, height, 80 nm), standard deviations around the average value are indicated in the figure (σ = 21% for nano-star and σ = 15.7% for nano-triangle). The SERS intensity was estimated by calculating the area of the 1200 cm−1 BPE band fitted by a lorentzian curves.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Schematic presentation of EBL fabrication process with MPTMS: the MPTMS is deposited on glass surface just after the glass treatment; then, parameters for a common lift-off process of EBL are slightly adjusted.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Extinction spectra of gold nanocylinders (diameter of 100 nm) with chromium (black) and MPTMS (blue) as adhesion layers: the values of the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) are 116 nm and 81 nm respectively for the nano-cylinders with chromium and MPTMS as adhesion layer. The inset was the evolution of FWHM of the extinction spectra for different nano-cylinder diameters measured with chromium (black squares) and MPTMS (circles) as adhesion layers, the fits are represented to guide the eyes.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 The reverse dependence of the 4th power of line width 1/Γ4 (FWHM) on the nano-cylinder diameters. The continuous and dotted lines are just guide to the eyes.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 SERS measurements of BPE on Au nano-cylinder of 130 nm with Cr (black) and MPTMS (blue) as adhesive layer. For both spectra, the baseline has been substracted to compare their relative intensity.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Evolution of SERS intensity versus LSPR position of Au nano-cylinders (square, with Cr; circle, with MPTMS), the dashed lines are Lorentz fitting of the measured data.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 LSPR property of nanostructures under polarization rotation for 4 different shapes: LSPR position with its maximum variation between square brackets; standard deviation of the LSPR intensity with the ratio of the maximum to the minimum LSPR intensity between square brackets

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