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Role of upconversion in optical refrigeration: a theoretical study of laser cooling with Ho3+ doped fluoride crystals: erratum

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Abstract

In this erratum we correct several errors of a previously published paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 3041 (2013) [CrossRef]  ].

© 2015 Optical Society of America

We have found several errors in our previously published paper [1]. It is redundant to provide the plus terms in Eqs. (8) and (9), as the corresponding heat loads have been included in Eq. (7). Equations (8)–(10) should be replaced, respectively, by the following equations:

P3=ηe,30β30W30,rhν30n3sηe,31β31W31,rhν31n3s,
P2=ηe,20β20W20,rhν20n2s,
P1=ηe,10W10,rhν10n1s.
P3, P2, and P1 are redefined as the energy flow of the fluorescence generated by transitions from the third, second, and first excited states to the lower energy state(s), respectively.

The simulation results alter with the changes of Eqs. (8)–(10). Figures 3–5 in [1] should be replaced by the following Figs. 13, respectively. Figure 1 shows that, at a pump wavelength of 2070 nm, the optimal dopant concentration for the Ho3+:YLiF4 crystal is 0.54%, the maximum achievable cooling power density is 9.7×104W·m3, and the corresponding cooling efficiency is 0.29%. Figure 3 shows that, for YLiF4 crystal with background absorption of 4.0×104cm1, the ideal pump wavelength is around 2067 nm. A cooling power density of about 1.1×105W·m3 is expected in 0.47%Ho3+ doped samples. If the background absorption is reduced by 1 order of magnitude, the maximum cooling power density could exceed 7.5×105W·m3 in 0.41% Ho3+ doped samples, and the corresponding optimal pump wavelength redshifts to 2083nm.

 figure: Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. (a) Cooling power density and (b) the cooling efficiency of Ho3+:YLiF4 crystal as functions of pump intensity and dopant concentration. The pump wavelength is 2070 nm, and the background absorption is 4.0×104cm1.

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 figure: Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Comparison among M1 (dotted curves), M2 (solid curves), and M3 (dashed curves). (a) The cooling power density and (b) the cooling efficiency. The dopant concentration is 0.54%, the pump wavelength is 2070 nm, and the background absorption is 4.0×104cm1.

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 figure: Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Maximum cooling power density and the corresponding optimal dopant concentration of Ho3+:YLiF4 crystal versus pump wavelength at background absorptions of (a) 4.0×104cm1 and (b) 4.0×105cm1.

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A few clerical errors repeatedly emerge in Section 2 of [1]. The variable symbols υ, υ10, υ20, υ30, υ31, and Vu should be replaced by ν, ν10, ν20, ν30, ν31, and νu, respectively.

These changes do not affect the qualitative conclusions of our paper [1].

REFERENCE

1. G. Z. Dong and X. L. Zhang, “Role of upconversion in optical refrigeration: a theoretical study of laser cooling with Ho3+ doped fluoride crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 3041–3047 (2013). [CrossRef]  

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Cooling power density and (b) the cooling efficiency of Ho 3 + : YLiF 4 crystal as functions of pump intensity and dopant concentration. The pump wavelength is 2070 nm, and the background absorption is 4.0 × 10 4 cm 1 .
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Comparison among M1 (dotted curves), M2 (solid curves), and M3 (dashed curves). (a) The cooling power density and (b) the cooling efficiency. The dopant concentration is 0.54%, the pump wavelength is 2070 nm, and the background absorption is 4.0 × 10 4 cm 1 .
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Maximum cooling power density and the corresponding optimal dopant concentration of Ho 3 + : YLiF 4 crystal versus pump wavelength at background absorptions of (a)  4.0 × 10 4 cm 1 and (b)  4.0 × 10 5 cm 1 .

Equations (3)

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P 3 = η e , 30 β 30 W 30 , r h ν 30 n 3 s η e , 31 β 31 W 31 , r h ν 31 n 3 s ,
P 2 = η e , 20 β 20 W 20 , r h ν 20 n 2 s ,
P 1 = η e , 10 W 10 , r h ν 10 n 1 s .
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