1Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
2National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
Kohei Ikeda, Takumi Kobayashi, Mayuko Yoshiki, Daisuke Akamatsu, and Feng-Lei Hong, "Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency of 127I2 transitions at 514 nm for wavelength standards at 1542 nm," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 2264-2271 (2022)
The hyperfine structures of the P(57)45-0, P(91)48-0, and R(73)46-0 lines of molecular iodine (${}^{127}{{\rm I}_2}$) at 514 nm were studied using third-harmonic generation of a 1542 nm external-cavity diode laser and Doppler-free spectroscopy. The frequencies of the 1542 nm diode laser locked to the hyperfine transitions of these iodine lines are close to those of the P(16) transition in the ${\nu _1} + {\nu _3}$ band of acetylene (${}^{13}{{\rm C}_2}{{\rm H}_2}$), which is used as a wavelength standard for telecom applications. The absolute frequencies of the observed 59 iodine hyperfine transitions were determined with an uncertainty of 5.4 kHz (fractional uncertainty of ${9.3} \times {{10}^{- 12}}$). Highly accurate hyperfine constants were obtained through fitting of the measured hyperfine splittings to a four-term Hamiltonian that includes electric quadrupole, spin–rotation, tensor spin–spin, and scalar spin–spin interactions with an uncertainty of a few kHz. The observed hyperfine transitions provide wavelength standards for telecom applications with various optical frequencies and reduced uncertainties compared with the acetylene wavelength standard.
Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.
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The frequencies are directly measured values under experimental conditions: iodine pressure of 1.2 Pa; pump and probe beam powers of 1.8 and 0.3 mW, respectively. The frequency of the third harmonic of the P(16) transition of the ${\nu _1} + {\nu _3}$ band of ${}^{13}{{\rm C}_2}{{\rm H}_2}$ is listed for comparison.
The line numbers were adopted from Ref. [9].
Table 2.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the P(57)45-0 Linea
Hyperfine Components
Obs. (kHz)
Calc. (kHz)
Obs.—Calc. (kHz)
Weight
0
−3.0
3.0
1.0
78948.1
78947.1
1.0
1.0
154308.0
154310.2
−2.3
1.0
278335.9
278336.0
−0.1
1.0
354124.2
354126.4
−2.3
1.0
369619.2
369617.6
1.6
1.0
441836.8
441836.9
−0.1
1.0
449944.8
449946.1
−1.2
1.0
475665.2
475667.8
−2.6
1.0
529896.1
529895.0
1.1
1.0
551153.6
551152.8
0.8
1.0
584464.4
584464.9
−0.5
1.0
644689.9
644691.0
−1.0
1.0
707099.0
707098.9
0.1
1.0
732314.7
732315.9
−1.2
1.0
765757.3
765756.9
0.4
1.0
804752.0
804750.5
1.5
1.0
836717.4
836715.9
1.5
1.0
904389.1
904389.3
−0.2
1.0
925441.7
925522.2
−80.5
0.0
950278.0
950277.4
0.5
1.0
The standard deviation of the fit was 1.6 kHz.
Table 3.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the P(91)48-0 Linea
The standard deviation of the fit was 3.6 kHz.
The ${{\rm b}_3}$ and ${{\rm b}_4}$ hyperfine transitions were not measured because of spectral overlapping.
Table 4.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the R(73)46-0 Linea
The frequencies are directly measured values under experimental conditions: iodine pressure of 1.2 Pa; pump and probe beam powers of 1.8 and 0.3 mW, respectively. The frequency of the third harmonic of the P(16) transition of the ${\nu _1} + {\nu _3}$ band of ${}^{13}{{\rm C}_2}{{\rm H}_2}$ is listed for comparison.
The line numbers were adopted from Ref. [9].
Table 2.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the P(57)45-0 Linea
Hyperfine Components
Obs. (kHz)
Calc. (kHz)
Obs.—Calc. (kHz)
Weight
0
−3.0
3.0
1.0
78948.1
78947.1
1.0
1.0
154308.0
154310.2
−2.3
1.0
278335.9
278336.0
−0.1
1.0
354124.2
354126.4
−2.3
1.0
369619.2
369617.6
1.6
1.0
441836.8
441836.9
−0.1
1.0
449944.8
449946.1
−1.2
1.0
475665.2
475667.8
−2.6
1.0
529896.1
529895.0
1.1
1.0
551153.6
551152.8
0.8
1.0
584464.4
584464.9
−0.5
1.0
644689.9
644691.0
−1.0
1.0
707099.0
707098.9
0.1
1.0
732314.7
732315.9
−1.2
1.0
765757.3
765756.9
0.4
1.0
804752.0
804750.5
1.5
1.0
836717.4
836715.9
1.5
1.0
904389.1
904389.3
−0.2
1.0
925441.7
925522.2
−80.5
0.0
950278.0
950277.4
0.5
1.0
The standard deviation of the fit was 1.6 kHz.
Table 3.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the P(91)48-0 Linea
The standard deviation of the fit was 3.6 kHz.
The ${{\rm b}_3}$ and ${{\rm b}_4}$ hyperfine transitions were not measured because of spectral overlapping.
Table 4.
Observed and Calculated Hyperfine Splittings of the R(73)46-0 Linea