We review the current status of the photorefractive tungsten bronze family crystals in terms of their growth problems and applications, with special emphasis on the current results for the Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 solid-solution system. Ferroelectric morphotropic phase-boundary materials are discussed as an appropriate goal for future development.
Edward J. Sharp, William W. Clark, Mary J. Miller, Gary L. Wood, Brian Monson, Gregory J. Salamo, and Ratnakar R. Neurgaonkar Appl. Opt. 29(6) 743-749 (1990)
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Refs. 26–39 (selected references). C, cylindrical; S, square.
All tetragonal crystals have been grown at Rockwell.
This bigger unit cell has ∊33 large.
Table 5
Classification of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Family Crystals
Tungsten Bronze Compositions with Smaller Unit Cell Dimensionsa
Tungsten Bronze Compositions with Bigger Unit Cell Dimensionsb
Crystal habit is cylindrical with 24 defined facets
Crystal habit is square with 4 facets
Relatively low Tc, below 200°C
Moderately high Tc, above 200°C
Relatively high dielectric constant (∊33 and low σ11)
Moderately high dielectric constant (∊11 and low ∊33)
High piezoelectric coefficient d33 but low d15 at room temperature
High piezoelectric coefficient d15 but low d33 at room temperature
High electro-optic (r33) and pyroelectric coefficients
Moderately high electro-optic (r15) and pyroelectric coefficients
Large, excellent quality crystals available (2–3-cm diameter)
Moderately large crystals available (1–1.5-cm diameter)
Refs. 26–39 (selected references). C, cylindrical; S, square.
All tetragonal crystals have been grown at Rockwell.
This bigger unit cell has ∊33 large.
Table 5
Classification of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Family Crystals
Tungsten Bronze Compositions with Smaller Unit Cell Dimensionsa
Tungsten Bronze Compositions with Bigger Unit Cell Dimensionsb
Crystal habit is cylindrical with 24 defined facets
Crystal habit is square with 4 facets
Relatively low Tc, below 200°C
Moderately high Tc, above 200°C
Relatively high dielectric constant (∊33 and low σ11)
Moderately high dielectric constant (∊11 and low ∊33)
High piezoelectric coefficient d33 but low d15 at room temperature
High piezoelectric coefficient d15 but low d33 at room temperature
High electro-optic (r33) and pyroelectric coefficients
Moderately high electro-optic (r15) and pyroelectric coefficients
Large, excellent quality crystals available (2–3-cm diameter)
Moderately large crystals available (1–1.5-cm diameter)