Abstract
Continuing the investigation of invariant aberrations, in this paper I explore aberrations that are simultaneously invariant under shifts of the entrance pupil and of the object plane. These s-invariants, of orders 4N − 1, N = 1, 2, …, may, when N > 1, arguably be considered generalizations of the familiar (third-order) Petzval coefficient. To within a fixed factor, the intrinsic contribution by a spherical refracting surface to the seventh-order s-invariant turns out to be exactly the cube of the Petzval contribution , a fixed factor N14 apart.
© 1988 Optical Society of America
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