Abstract

The multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MM-VCSELs) with different photonic crystal (PhC) designs in core and cladding regions are compared for transmitting the complex formatted QAM-OFDM data over 100-m OM5 multi-mode fiber (MMF). Among the designs with using flat core/cladding (denoting as Core_flat/Clad_flat) and/or PhC core/cladding (denoting as Core_phc/Clad_phc) for the MM-VCSEL, the Core_flat+Clad_flat VCSEL with the highest threshold current and large emission aperture provides the highest differential quantum efficiency of 0.11 and output power of 2 mW, whereas the Core_flat+Clad_phc2 VCSEL with two periods of cladding PhC reveals the lowest threshold current of 2 mA, the highest modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz, the lowest relative intensity noise peak of -126 dBc/Hz and background level of -143 dBc/Hz. After pre-compensation, the Core_flat+Clad_phc2 VCSEL chip can achieve the highest OFDM bandwidth of 18 GHz for 72-Gbit/s transmission in the BtB case. With additionally adding 1 period of core PhC, the Core_phc1+Clad_phc2 VCSEL possesses a single-mode lasing spectrum to facilitate the suppression of modal dispersion after MMF propagation. Hence, the Core_phc1+Clad_phc2 VCSEL exhibits the same bit rate of 60 Gbit/s as compared to the Core_flat+Clad_phc2 VCSEL after 100-m OM5-MMF. After improving the analog bandwidth for waveform synthesis, the data rate of Core_flat+Clad_phc2 VCSEL can successfully deliver 76-Gbit/s and 72-Gbit/s single-band 16-QAM OFDM data streams for BtB and 100-m OM5 MMF conditions via the pre-leveling technology. To date, the ultimate raw data rate achieves 92-Gbit/s with employing the multi-band QAM-OFDM data format.

24.9-GHz-bandwidth VCSEL enables 170-Gbit/s OFDM, GFDM, and DMT transmissions

Wei-Li Wu, Chih-Hsien Cheng, Atsushi Matsumoto, Kouichi Akahane, Yun-Cheng Yang, Borching Su, Chao-Hsin Wu, Milton Feng, and Gong-Ru Lin
Photon. Res. 12(2) 377-390 (2024)

Comparison of single-/few-/multi-mode 850 nm VCSELs for optical OFDM transmission

Hsuan-Yun Kao, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Shan-Fong Leong, Chun-Yen Peng, Yu-Chieh Chi, Jian Jang Huang, Hao-Chung Kuo, Tien-Tsorng Shih, Jau-Ji Jou, Wood-Hi Cheng, Chao-Hsin Wu, and Gong-Ru Lin
Opt. Express 25(14) 16347-16363 (2017)

Few-mode VCSEL chip for 100-Gb/s transmission over 100  m multimode fiber

Hsuan-Yun Kao, Yu-Chieh Chi, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Shan-Fong Leong, Chun-Yen Peng, Huai-Yung Wang, Jian Jang Huang, Jau-Ji Jou, Tien-Tsorng Shih, Hao-Chung Kuo, Wood-Hi Cheng, Chao-Hsin Wu, and Gong-Ru Lin
Photon. Res. 5(5) 507-515 (2017)

Single-mode VCSEL for pre-emphasis PAM-4 transmission up to 64  Gbit/s over 100–300  m in OM4 MMF

Hsuan-Yun Kao, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Shan-Fong Leong, Chun-Yen Peng, Yu-Chieh Chi, Huai-Yung Wang, Hao-Chung Kuo, Chao-Hsin Wu, Wood-Hi Cheng, and Gong-Ru Lin
Photon. Res. 6(7) 666-673 (2018)

Nearly 70  Gbit/s NRZ-OOK encoding of a dual-mode 850  nm VCSEL with a highly In-doped and small Zn-diffused emission area

Gong-Ru Lin, Chih-Hsien Cheng, Hao-Chung Kuo, Shao-Yung Lee, Xin Chen, Chia-Hsuan Wang, Ming-Jun Li, Yu-Ming Huang, Wei-Ta Huang, and Dong Yang
Photon. Res. 10(7) 1602-1616 (2022)