Abstract
A simple photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design with a rectangular array of four airholes in
the core region and a traditional circular-airhole cladding is proposed in this work. The
modal birefringence is induced by the asymmetry of the rectangular distribution of four
airholes and/or the elliptical shape of the holes. The traditional symmetric cladding
structure results in good confinement loss performance by limiting the light in the core
region. Therefore, the proposed design enables simultaneous realization of high birefringence
and low confinement loss. Simulations based on the full-vector finite element method (FEM)
with anisotropic (PML) show that ultrahigh single-mode birefringence $(\sim 10^{-2})$ and ultralow confinement losses ($<$0.002 dB/km) can be achieved at 1.55 $\mu{\rm m}$ wavelength. Dependence study of the birefringence and losses on several key
parameters is also provided. Compared to previously studied PCF with asymmetric core or
cladding structures, by having just four relatively large airholes in the core, this design
could be much easier to be implemented with even better performance.
© 2009 IEEE
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