Abstract
The electromagnetic problem of modeling vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with their full 3-D structure
is analyzed. The vectorial Helmholtz equation is discretized on prism elements, and the resulting complex symmetric
generalized eigenproblem is solved by an efficient numerical technique. The full-vectorial treatment enables one to
determine the polarization characteristics of these lasers. The model is compared to 2-D calculations and is
demonstrated for advanced laser diodes incorporating surface reliefs and photonic crystal patterns.
© 2007 IEEE
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