LSS (LSS) | Wavelength-dependent elastic backscattering | Detecting dysplastic cells within tissues by observing enlarged nuclei |
Confocal LSS (CLASS) | Confocal gating of localized wavelength-dependent elastic backscattering | Observation of apoptosis via modified mitochondrion morphology; discrimination of fetal nucleated red blood cells |
Fourier domain low-coherence interferometry (fLCI) | Coherence gating of wavelength-dependent elastic backscattering | Detecting dysplastic cells within thick tissues by observing enlarged nuclei |
Partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) | Wavelength-dependent analysis of reflected light | Identifying diseased tissues by analysis of cytology samples |
RI (TAOS) | Angle-dependent elastic scattering | Analysis of aerosols; detection of cell granularity |
Angle sensitive LSS (a/LSS) | Angle-dependent elastic scattering of polarized light | Detecting dysplastic cells in ex vivo tissues |
Four-dimensional elastic LSS (4D-ELF) | Combined analysis of wavelength, angle and polarization-dependent backscattering | Early detection of precancerous changes in colonic epithelium |
Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) | Coherence gating of angle-dependent elastic backscattering | Detection of dysplastic cell in thick tissues by observing enlarged nuclei; detection of apoptosis by nuclear and mitochondrial fragmentation; detection of cell nuclei deformation due to environmental changes |
Fourier holographic light scattering angular spectroscopy | Spatially resolved measurements of angle-dependent scattering | Determining size of red blood cells |
Optical scattering imaging | Selection of angle-dependent backscattering using Fourier plane masking | Observation of changes in mitochondrion morphology due to onset of apoptosis |
Integrated Raman- and angular-scattering microscopy system (IRAM) | Combination of angle-resolved elastic scattering with inelastic, Raman spectroscopy | Identification of CD8+ lymphocytes |
Hilbert phase microscopy | Spatial and temporal analysis of phase fluctuations | Analysis of red blood cell pathology, particularly malarial infection |
Motility contrast imaging | Coherence gating of temporal intensity fluctuations | Response of tumor spheroids to chemotherapeutic agents |
Fourier transform light scattering (FTLS) | Fourier transformed phase data | Analysis of histological sections |
Dispersion spectroscopy analysis | Wavelength-dependent phase changes | Mapping RI and absorption profiles of cells |
Raman microspectroscopy | Wavelength-dependent inelastic scattering | Identification and localization of biomolecules within cells |
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) | Pump–probe technique for detecting inelastic scattering transitions | Imaging of specific biomolecule distributions within cells |
Coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy | Pump–probe technique for observing anti-Stokes (blueshifted) inelastic scattering | Fluorescence-free imaging of biomolecules within cells |
Transient absorption spectroscopy | Ultrafast measurement of absorption dynamics using pump–probe techniques | Detection of melanoma via discrimination of eumelanin from pheomelanin |
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