Abstract
We report optical planar waveguide formation in vanadate laser crystals by oxygen ion implantation at an energy of and doses from to at room temperature. Positive changes of the ordinary refractive indices occur in the implanted regions, which define a waveguide structure in the near surface. The relationship between refractive index changes and doses is presented. Waveguide modes were measured at wavelengths of 633 and , respectively. The magnified field pattern of the propagation light in the annealed waveguide was captured and studied by an end-coupling method. The refractive index profiles were reconstructed by the reflectivity calculation method.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
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