Manfred Wendisch,1
Detlef Müller,1
Ina Mattis,1
and Albert Ansmann1
1The authors are with the Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. M. Wendisch's e-mail address is wendisch@tropos.de.
Manfred Wendisch, Detlef Müller, Ina Mattis, and Albert Ansmann, "Potential of lidar backscatter data to estimate solar aerosol radiative forcing," Appl. Opt. 45, 770-783 (2006)
The potential to estimate solar aerosol radiative forcing (SARF) in cloudless conditions from backscatter data measured by widespread standard lidar has been investigated. For this purpose 132 days of sophisticated ground-based Raman lidar observations (profiles of particle extinction and backscatter coefficients at wavelength) collected during two campaigns [the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)] were analyzed. Particle extinction profiles were used as input for radiative transfer simulations with which to calculate the SARF, which then was plotted as a function of the column (i.e., height-integrated) particle backscatter coefficient . A close correlation between the SARF and was found. SARF– parameterizations in the form of polynomial fits were derived that exhibit an estimated uncertainty of . These parameterizations can be utilized to analyze data of upcoming lidar satellite missions and for other purposes. The EARLINET-based parameterizations can be applied to lidar measurements at mostly continental, highly industrialized sites with limited maritime influence (Europe, North America), whereas the INDOEX parameterizations rather can be employed in polluted maritime locations, e.g., coastal regions of south and east Asia.
Gelsomina Pappalardo, Aldo Amodeo, Marco Pandolfi, Ulla Wandinger, Albert Ansmann, Jens Bösenberg, Volker Matthias, Vassilis Amiridis, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Max Frioud, Marco Iarlori, Leonce Komguem, Alexandros Papayannis, Francesc Rocadenbosch, and Xuan Wang Appl. Opt. 43(28) 5370-5385 (2004)
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Fit Coefficients ai,τ (i = 0, 1, 2) to Parameterize Spectral Aerosol Optical Thickness τ at 532 nm Wavelengtha
i
EARLINET
INDOEX
0
0.0202674
−0.0980517
1
42.0411
75.3985
2
1264.39
−2880.41
0.073
0.078
See Eq. (8). Furthermore, standard errors of the fits are given.
Table 2
Fit Standard Errors ϵ for the Parameterizations of Albedo SARF at the TOA, ϵΔA, and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, ϵΔF(TOA), and at the BOA, ϵΔF(BOA)
EARLINET
INDOEX
θs (°)
ϵΔA
ϵΔF(TOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔF(BOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔA
ϵΔF(TOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔF(BOA) (W m−2)
10
0.0029
3.9
9.1
0.0021
2.8
8.0
30
0.0038
4.5
9.5
0.0026
3.1
8.1
50
0.0064
5.6
10.1
0.0041
3.6
8.1
65
0.0106
6.1
9.7
0.0065
3.8
7.3
70
0.0127
5.9
8.9
0.0078
3.6
6.6
75
0.0152
5.4
7.6
0.0094
3.3
5.6
80
0.0178
4.2
5.5
0.0112
2.6
4.0
85
0.0190
2.2
2.5
0.0121
1.4
1.8
Table 3
Average Effect δ (Averaged over the βc Range Investigated) of Changes of Δg = ±0.05 and Δω = ±0.05 on the Albedo SARF, δΔA, and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, δΔF(TOA), and the BOA, δΔF(BOA)a
EARLINET
30°
±0.002
±0.004
±2.7
±4.7
±3.0
±8.6
(±19)
(±32)
(±19)
(±32)
(±10)
(±29)
70°
±0.004
±0.008
±1.8
±3.8
±1.7
±4.9
(±9)
(±17)
(±9)
(±17)
(±6)
(±15)
In parentheses the average relative effect is given in percent.
Table 4
Fit Coefficients , , and to Parameterize Fit Coefficients , , and for the Albedo SARF at the TOA, , and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, , and at the BOA, )a
Parameterizations for the EARLINET data set
−0.0242266
0.00451036
−0.000262497
16.1340
−2.64061
0.152705
−0.00380248
−503.822
101.171
−5.73935
0.140258
−0.00153767
−3.92047
0.546980
−0.0319254
0.000802533
−3891.40
346.964
−21.8857
0.577431
−0.00739729
127338.
−38110.4
2275.58
−59.1141
0.716736
−0.00323376
−7.08587
0.868169
−0.0500522
0.00125157
−6631.38
322.184
−20.6101
0.557597
−0.00738187
99665.3
−48246.4
2895.67
−75.4873
0.922491
−0.00419713
Parameterizations for the INDOEX data set
−0.0545145
0.00917684
−0.000535120
21.8979
−3.32518
0.192997
−0.00482700
−834.159
126.970
−7.36130
0.183806
−0.00210022
1.79998
0.735887
−0.0406182
0.000997268
−6342.82
264.156
−17.2693
0.465143
−0.00618695
253212.
−12641.6
810.740
−21.7033
0.283137
−0.00143807
7.87148
1.42642
−0.0808956
0.00201754
−14495.8
190.286
−12.7915
0.361999
−0.00518459
579992.
−16127.4
1003.04
−26.8006
0.348517
−0.00180948
See Eq. (10). The parameterizations are valid for the eight solar zenith angles only; between the angles the curves should be interpolated.
Tables (4)
Table 1
Fit Coefficients ai,τ (i = 0, 1, 2) to Parameterize Spectral Aerosol Optical Thickness τ at 532 nm Wavelengtha
i
EARLINET
INDOEX
0
0.0202674
−0.0980517
1
42.0411
75.3985
2
1264.39
−2880.41
0.073
0.078
See Eq. (8). Furthermore, standard errors of the fits are given.
Table 2
Fit Standard Errors ϵ for the Parameterizations of Albedo SARF at the TOA, ϵΔA, and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, ϵΔF(TOA), and at the BOA, ϵΔF(BOA)
EARLINET
INDOEX
θs (°)
ϵΔA
ϵΔF(TOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔF(BOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔA
ϵΔF(TOA) (W m−2)
ϵΔF(BOA) (W m−2)
10
0.0029
3.9
9.1
0.0021
2.8
8.0
30
0.0038
4.5
9.5
0.0026
3.1
8.1
50
0.0064
5.6
10.1
0.0041
3.6
8.1
65
0.0106
6.1
9.7
0.0065
3.8
7.3
70
0.0127
5.9
8.9
0.0078
3.6
6.6
75
0.0152
5.4
7.6
0.0094
3.3
5.6
80
0.0178
4.2
5.5
0.0112
2.6
4.0
85
0.0190
2.2
2.5
0.0121
1.4
1.8
Table 3
Average Effect δ (Averaged over the βc Range Investigated) of Changes of Δg = ±0.05 and Δω = ±0.05 on the Albedo SARF, δΔA, and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, δΔF(TOA), and the BOA, δΔF(BOA)a
EARLINET
30°
±0.002
±0.004
±2.7
±4.7
±3.0
±8.6
(±19)
(±32)
(±19)
(±32)
(±10)
(±29)
70°
±0.004
±0.008
±1.8
±3.8
±1.7
±4.9
(±9)
(±17)
(±9)
(±17)
(±6)
(±15)
In parentheses the average relative effect is given in percent.
Table 4
Fit Coefficients , , and to Parameterize Fit Coefficients , , and for the Albedo SARF at the TOA, , and the Irradiance SARF at the TOA, , and at the BOA, )a
Parameterizations for the EARLINET data set
−0.0242266
0.00451036
−0.000262497
16.1340
−2.64061
0.152705
−0.00380248
−503.822
101.171
−5.73935
0.140258
−0.00153767
−3.92047
0.546980
−0.0319254
0.000802533
−3891.40
346.964
−21.8857
0.577431
−0.00739729
127338.
−38110.4
2275.58
−59.1141
0.716736
−0.00323376
−7.08587
0.868169
−0.0500522
0.00125157
−6631.38
322.184
−20.6101
0.557597
−0.00738187
99665.3
−48246.4
2895.67
−75.4873
0.922491
−0.00419713
Parameterizations for the INDOEX data set
−0.0545145
0.00917684
−0.000535120
21.8979
−3.32518
0.192997
−0.00482700
−834.159
126.970
−7.36130
0.183806
−0.00210022
1.79998
0.735887
−0.0406182
0.000997268
−6342.82
264.156
−17.2693
0.465143
−0.00618695
253212.
−12641.6
810.740
−21.7033
0.283137
−0.00143807
7.87148
1.42642
−0.0808956
0.00201754
−14495.8
190.286
−12.7915
0.361999
−0.00518459
579992.
−16127.4
1003.04
−26.8006
0.348517
−0.00180948
See Eq. (10). The parameterizations are valid for the eight solar zenith angles only; between the angles the curves should be interpolated.