Al | Al2O3 | 5.2 | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | | Very strong bands | (11) |
| | 6.7 | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | Bands greatly weakened | |
| | 7.5 | He | | | Ali: 32P0–42S | No bands | |
| Al + H | 5.4 | He | | AlH (A1Π–X1∑+) | Ali: 32P0–42S, 3p2 4P, 32D | A1 pretreated by heating in flowing H2 | (11,17) |
| | | | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | 42S–62P0 | | |
| Al | | He | | AlH (A1Π–X1∑+) | | H2 (15%) mixed with A | (18) |
| | | | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | (0,0) and (1,1) bands only | |
| | | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | Band systems more strongly developed, lines strongly broadened and self-absorbed | |
| | | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | AlH bands weak, AlO bands very pronounced | |
| | 4.7 | H2 | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali | Absorption of lines and bands. All lines of 2D and 2S series to the ionization limit, as well as several allowed and forbidden transitions beyond the limit (see Fig. 2) | (19) |
| | | | | AlH (A1Π–X1∑+) | |
| LiAlH4 | 4.0 | He | | AlH (A1Π–X1∑+) | Lii: 22S–22P0; 22P0–32D, 42S, 42D | Band and lines weak | (18) |
| | | | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | | |
| | 4.8 | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) | Ali: 32P0–42S | AlO bands stronger, AlH bands remain weak. O2 concentration less than 1 in 106 | |
| | 5.4 | He | | AlO (A2∑–X2∑) and AlH (C1∑–A1Π) | Ali: 32P0–42S | AlO bands weaker. Li lines strong and broadened | |
| | 6.0 | He | | None | Ali: 32P0–42S | No bands, Li and Al lines very strong and not so broad | |
B | B + 10%N2 | 6.0 | H2 | | BH (A1Π–X1∑+) | Bi | Absorption of bands and lines. Note BOα system outside observable wavelength range. Possible record of (1,0) and (0,0) of BN (A3Π–X3Π) | (19) |
| | | | | BOβ(B2∑–X2∑) | |
| B + 0.5%O2 | 5.3 | H2 | | BOβ(B2∑–X2∑) | Bi | Strong band absorption as well as well-developed line series (BOγ, see Fig. 4) | (19) |
| H3BO3 | | | | BOγ(C2Π–X2∑) | |
B | BN | 4 | He | | BO2 (fluctuation bands) | | | |
| | | | | (
;A2Πu–X2Πg) | | | (20) |
| | 4.5 | He | | BO2 (fluctuation bands) | | A few lines of Nai, Cai, n, Fei, Cui, Cri, Sri, Mgi, Pbi were present, evidently arising from impurities in the samples of BN | |
| | | | | BOα(A2Π–X2∑) | |
| | | | | BH(b3∑–a3Π) | |
| | 5.0 | He | | CN(B2∑–X2∑) | Bi | CN(0,0) (11,11) and (12,12) observed | |
| | | | | NH(A3Π–X3∑) | |
| | | | | BOα(A2Π–X2∑) | | No BN spectra appeared in absorption or emission between M1 = 4 and M1 = 6 | |
| | 5.5 | He | | BH(B1∑–A1Π) | Bi | Bi lines increase in intensity at higher Mach numbers | |
| | | | |
| |
| | | | | NH(A3Π–X3∑) | |
| | 6.0 | He | | NH(A3Π–X3∑), (C1Π–a1Δ) | Bi | Very weak BH(A1Π–X1∑+) bands. Q heads overlapped by strong BOα bands | |
| | | | | BH(B1–A1Π) | |
| | | | |
| |
| H3BO3 | 5 | He | | BOα(A2Π–X2∑) | | The BO(B2∑–X2∑) beta bands were also probably present, but outside the range of the spectrograph used | (11) |
| | 5.7 | He | | BOβ(B2∑–A2Π) | No Bi lines observed | | |
| | | | | BO2 (fluctuation bands) | | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | — | — | Band intensities decrease rapidly as M1 increased | |
Ba | BaO | 5.0 | He | | BaO(A1∑–X1∑) | Strongest lines of Bai: 63P0–63D and 53D–5d6p3P0 multiplets | Bands also observed in absorption experiments | (11) |
| | 5.5 | He | | BaO(A1∑–X1∑) | Bai: 53D–43F0, 5d6p3P0 | Bands weaken, lines intensify and become more copious | |
| | | | | | 63P0–63D |
| | | | | | 61S–61P0 |
Ba | BaO | 7.5 | He | | None | Above Bai multiplets and | | |
| | | | | | Baii: 62P0–62D,72S | | |
| | | | | | 62S–62P0 | | |
| | | | | | 52D–62P0 | | |
| | 3.8 | He | | BaO(A1∑–X1∑) | Bai: 61S–61P0;53D–43F0 | Observed in absorption experiment | (11) |
| | | | | | Baii: 62S–62P0, 62P0–62D |
| BaO2 | 4–6 | H2 | | BaO(A1∑–X1∑) | Bai | Absorption spectra studied | (12) |
| | | | | BaO(B→X1∑) | Baii | Atomic lines present during first 200 μsec | |
| | | | | BaOH, Ba2O2 | Impurity lines of Cai, Nai, Cui, and Ali also present | Molecular bands appear after 200 μsec and reach maximum intensity at 1 msec | |
| BaCl2 | 5.0 | H2 | | — | Complete Bai spectrum | Atomic absorption spectra studied. First example of “forced autoionization” in laboratory experiment | (21) |
| | 4–6 | H2 | | BaCl(D2∑–X2∑) | Bai | | (12,19) |
| | | | | BaCl(E2∑–X2∑) | | | |
| Ba(OH)2 | 4–6 | H2 | | BaOH | | Unanalyzed vibrational bands | (12) |
Be | BeO | 5 | He | | BeO(C1∑–X1∑) | | All strong BeI lines lie below 4000 Å and thus none were observed | (11) |
| | | | | BeH(A2Π–X2∑) | | Only the (0,0) BeH band | |
| | 5.3 | | | BeO(C1∑–X1∑) | | Bands decrease in intensity with increase of M1 | |
C | AgCN | 6 | He | | CN(B2∑+–X2∑+) | Agi lines | | (11) |
| | | | | C2(A3Πg–X3Πu) | | | |
| | | | | Carbon particle continuum | | | |
| K3Fe(CN)6 | 6 | He | | Carbon particle continuum | Fei, Ki lines | | |
| K3Co(CN)6 | 6 | He | | Carbon particle continuum | Coi, Ki lines | | |
| KCN | 6 | He | | Carbon particle continuum | Ki lines | | |
|
| 5.6 | He | | CN(B2∑+–X2∑+) | Ki lines | The CN violet system was most intense and negligible continuum was seen | (11,22) |
| | | | | C2(A3Πg–X2Πu) | | | |
| C | 5 | H2 | | CN(B2∑+–X2∑+) | | Both molecular systems in absorption | (19) |
| | | | | C2(A3Πg–X3Πu) | | | |
Ca | CaO | 5 | He | | CaOH (“CaO” orange and red systems) at 5550 Å and 6230 Å | Ca i resonance line at 4227 Å self-absorbed | The bands decrease in intensity and lines become stronger and more copious as M1 increases. Ca i multiplets include 33D–53F0, 43F0, 3d4p3P0, 3d4p3D0, 41S–41P0; 43P0–4p2 3P, 43D, 31D–51F0, 61P0, 41F0, 51P0, 41P0–51D, 4p2 1D | (11) |
| | 5.7 | He | | CaOH (“CaO” orange and red systems) at 5550 Å and 6230 Å | Ca i lines see remarks | Ca ii multiplets 42S–42P | |
| | 7.5 | He | | CaOH (“CaO” orange and red systems) at 5550 Å and 6230 Å | Ca i lines see remarks | | |
| Ca(OH)2 | | H2 | | | | | (19) |
| CaS | 4 | He |
| CaOH (“CaO” orange and red systems) at 5550 Å and 6230 Å CaF(B2∑–X2∑) | Ca i and Ca ii multiplets listed in above entry | No CaS spectrum observed | (20) |
| | 4.5 | He | | Ca i and ii lines appear in all spectra and increase in intensity with temperature | |
| | 5.0 | He | | | |
| | 5.5 | He | | Bands are prominent at M1 = 4–5 and decrease in intensity at higher temperatures. A few impurity lines of Na, Sr, Ba, Cu, Al were present | |
| | 6.0 | He | | | |
| | 6.5 | He | | | |
| CaF2 | 6.0 | H2 | | CaF(C2Π–X2∑+) | | All band systems observed in absorption. Several new systems of bands below λ 2500 Å were observed. These bands are probably due to CaF and have been observed in furnace absorption | (19) |
| | | | | CaF(D2∑–X2∑+) | | (23) |
| | | | | CaF(E2∑–X2∑+) | | |
| | | | | CaF(F2∑–X2∑+) | | |
Cr | Cr2O3 | 5.2 | He | | CrO(A–X) | | | (11) |
| | 6.3 | He | | CrO(A–X) | Cr i lines of a 5G–y5H0, Z5G0Z5F0 | | |
| | | | | | a7S–Z7P0; a5D–Z5F0, y5P0, Z7P0, Z7F0 multiplets | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands except (0,0) | Cr i lines of a 5G–y5H0, Z5G0Z5F0 | | |
| | | | | | a7S–Z7P0; a5D–Z5F0, y5P0, Z5P0, Z7F0 multiplets | | |
Cu | CuO | 5 | He | | CuH(A1∑+–X1∑+) | | | (11) |
| | 5.7 | | | CuO(A2∑+–X2∑+) | Cu i lines of 042P0–62S, 42D 42S2D–42P0 multiplets | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands | Cu i lines of 042P0–62S, 42D 42S2D–42P0 multiplets | | |
| CuH | 5 | He | | CuH(A1∑+–X1∑+) | Cu i lines of the 4s2 2D–42P0, 42P0–42D multiplets | (0,0) band of CuO only | (11,17) |
| | | | | CuO(A2∑+–X2∑+) | | | |
| CU(OH)2 | 5 | H2 | | CuOH | | System of CuOH not analyzed | (12) |
| | | | | CuO(A2∑+–X2∑+) | | | |
| Cu | 4.6 | H2 | | CuH(A1∑+–X1∑+) | Cu i | Absorption systems of bands and atomic lines. Cu i lines observed to below ionization limit | (19) |
| | | | | CuH(1Π–X1∑λ2239 A) | | | |
Fe | Fe2O3 | 5 | He | | FeO(A) | | | (11) |
| Fe3O4 | 5.52 | He | | FeO(B) | Fe i lines of the following multiplets | Iron arc spectrum of Fe i lines. No bands | |
| | 6.7 | | | — | | | |
| FeTiO3 | 5 | | | TiO(C3Π–X3Π) | a5D–Z7D0, Z7F0, Z5D0 | | |
| | | | | TiO(c1ϕ–a1Δ) | Z5F0, Z5P0, y5D0 | | |
| | | | | FeO(A) | a5F–y5D0, y5F0, Z3P0, Z5G0 | | |
| | | | | FeO(B) | a3H–Z5G0; a3G–y3F0 | | |
| | | | | | Z5P0–e5D | | |
| FeS | 4–7 | He | | No bands | Fe lines as in above entry | No FeS bands. Some solid powder continuum in red at lowest values of M1 absorption | (20) |
| Fe(OH)2 | | H2 | | FeOH | Fe i lines | Emission | (12) |
| Fe(CO)5 | 4–8 | H2 | | No bands | Fe i lines | Absorption measurements of well-developed series and used for temperature determination | (19) |
Ge | Ge metal | 5.0 | H2 | | GeO(A1∑+–X1∑+) | Ge i series | Absorption | (19) |
| Ge + 10% | 5.0 | H2 | | GeO(A1∑+–X1∑+) | | | |
| H2 | | | | GeH(2Δ(b) or 2∑–2∑(a) | Ge i | Absorption | (19) |
Li | Li2O | 4–6 | He | | No bands | Very broad Li lines | Blackbody continuum in red | (24) |
| Li2O2 | 4–6 | He | | | | | |
Mg | MgO | 5 | He | | MgO(B1∑–X1∑+) | | A band of 3860 Å probably due to the MgO ultraviolet system | (11,12) |
| | 6.3 | He | | MgO(B1∑–X1∑+) | Mg lines of the 33P0–33D, 43S, 31P0–71S, 51D, 41D multiplets | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | — | Mg lines of the 33P0–33D, 43S, 31P0–71S, 51D, 41D multiplets | | |
| Mg(OH)2 | 4–6 | H2 | | MgOH, MgH, MgO | | | (12) |
| Mg + H | | He | | MgH(A2Π–X2∑) | | 15% H in argon | |
| | | He | | MgH(A2Π–X2∑) | Mg i lines of 33P0–33D, 43S 31S–33P0 multiplets | Bands stronger, lines weak | (18) |
| | | He | | MgH(A2Π–X2∑) | Mg i lines of 33P0–33D, 43S 31S–33P0 multiplets | Bands weak, lines weak | |
| | | He | | MgH(A2Π–X2∑) | Mg i lines of 33P0–33D, 43S 31S–33P0 multiplets | Bands very weak, lines weak | |
Mn | Mn | 4–6 | H2 | | | Mm | | (12) |
| Mn(OH)2 | 4–6 | H2 | | MnOH | Mm | | (12) |
Na | Na2O | 4–6 | He | | | | | |
| Na2O2 | 4–6 | He | | No band systems | Very broad Na lines | Blackbody continuum in red | (24) |
Pb | PbO | 5 | He | | PbO(A–X1∑+)(B–X1∑+) | | | (11) |
| Pb3O4 | 5.7 | He | | No bands | Pb i lines of the 6p3P–7s3P and 6p1P–7s3P0 multiplets | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | — | Pb i lines of the 6p3P–7s3P and 6p1P–7s3P0 multiplets | | |
Si | SiO2 | 4–6 | He | | SiO(A1Π–X1∑+) | Si i series between 2300 and 3000 Å | Bands only appeared between 4.75 M1 5.00. Lines increase in strength with M1 | (20) |
| SiC | 4 | He | | C2(A3πg–X3Πu) | Na impurity line | | |
| | 4.5 | He | | CN(B2∑–X2∑) | Na, Ti impurity lines | | |
| | 5 | He | | CaCl red and | Na, Ti, Ca impurity lines | | |
| | 5.5 | He | | orange (0,0) bands | Na, Ti, Ca, and Si lines of the 3p2 1D–4s3P0 CuCl impurity 4s1P0–5p1D | | |
| | 6.8 | He | | No bands | | No SiC or SiC2 bands | (20) |
| | | | | | 3d3D0–4f3F, 4f3G, 5f3G | | |
| | | | | | 4p3D–5d3F0 multiplets | | |
| Si + 10% | 6–7 | H2 | | SiO(A1Π–X1∑+) | Si i series | Absorption | (19) |
| N2 | | | | SiO(E–X1∑+) | | | |
| | | | | SiN(B2∑+–X2∑+) | | | |
| Si + 10% H2 | 7.0 | H2 | | SiH(2Δ–2Π) | Si i | Absorption | (19) |
| SiS | 4.5 | H2 | | SiS(D1Π–X1∑+) | Si i | Absorption | (19) |
| Si3N4 | 6–7 | H2 | | SiO(A1Π–X1∑+) | Si i | Absorption | (19) |
| | | | | SiO(E–X1∑+) | | | |
| | | | | SiN(B2∑+–X2∑+) | | | |
Sr | SrO | 5 | He | | SrO orange-red system (SrOH?) at 6000 Å | Self-absorbed Sr i resonance line at 4607 Å | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | 6. .3 | He | | SrO orange-red system (SrOH?) at 6000 Å | Lines of the following Sr i multiplets | Resonance line more strongly self-absorbed | (11) |
| | | | | | 53P3–73S, 5p2 3P, 53D | | |
| | | | | | 51S–51P0, 41D–41P0 | | |
| | | | | | 43D–4d5P3D | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands | Above lines and in addition lines of the following Sr ii multiplets 52S–52P0, 52P0–62S | | |
Ta | TaC | 4 | He | | | Impurity Na line | | (20) |
| | 4.5 | He | | | Impurity lines of Na and Ca | | |
| | 4.75 | He | | | | | |
| | 5 | He | | C2(A3Πg–XΠu) | | Bands appear over a very small temperature range | |
| | 5.5 | He | | CN (B2∑–X2∑) | | No bands of TaC | |
| | 6 | He | | No bands | Ta i lines of multiplets | | |
| | 7 | He | | | a4F–10204080120170520620 | | |
| | | | | | a4P–100, 140 | | |
| | | | | | a6D–230280320, 390, 530 | | |
| | | | | | 3–240; 9–620 | | |
Ti | TiO2 | 4.5– | He | | TiO(C3Π–X3Π) | | Bands and lines observed in emission and in absorption (see Fig. 3) | (11, 19) |
| | 5.5 | h2 | | TiO(c1ϕ–a1Δ) | | | |
| | | | | TiO(A3∑–X3Π) | | | |
| | 6.7 | He | | Bands weaker | Ti i lines of the | | |
| | | | | | a3F–y3D0, y3F0, Z3F0, Z3G0 | | |
| | | | | | a5F–x5D0, w3D0, y5F0, y5G0 | | |
| | | | | | a3G–v3G0 multiplets appear | | |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands | lines strengthen | | |
| TiN | 4.5 | H2 | | New bands of TiN | Ti i | Absorption | (25) |
| TiCl4 | 5 | H2 | | TiCl(4Π–4∑) | Ti i | Absorption | (19) |
V | V2O5 | 5 | He | | VO(2Δ–2Δ (?)) | | Emission and absorption | (11, 19) |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands | V i lines of a6D–y6D | | |
| | | | | | y6F0; a4F–z4F0, Z4G0 | | |
| | | | | | a4D–y4D0, y4F0, Z4P0 | | |
| | | | | | multiplets appear | | |
| | 5.0 | H2 | | VO(2Δ–2Δ (?)) | V i | Absorption | (19) |
W | H2W4O13 | 5.5 | He | | WO bands between 5851 and 3955 Å | | Bands have recently been fitted into a Deslandres array | (11) |
| | 7.5 | He | | No bands | Lines of the | | |
| | | | | | d5s7S–d4sp7D0, d4sp7P0 | | |
| | | | | | d4s2 5D–d4sp5P0, d4sp7D0 | | |
| | | | | | multiplets of W i appear | | |
Zn | ZnO | 4–6 | H2 | | Red degraded band at 3435Å | Zn i | Absorption | (12) |
| Zn | 4–6 | H2 | | — | Zn i | Emission only | (12) |
| Zn(OH)2 | 4-6 | H2 | | ZnH(A2Π–X2∑+) | Zn i | Emission only | (12) |
Zr ZrO | | 5.3 | H2 | | ZrOγ(A3ϕ–X3Δ) | Zr i | All systems observed in absorption | (19) |
| | | | | ZrOβ(B3Π–X3Δ) | | | |
| | | | | ZrO α(C3Δ—X3Δ) | | | |
| | | | | ZrO(b1∑–a1∑) | | | |
| | | | | ZrO 3507 Å system | | | |
| | | | | [3Δ–3Π(?)] | | | |
| | | | | ZrO 3060 Å system | | | |
| | | | | [3Π–3(?)Π] | | | |
ZrO | | 4–5.5 | He | | ZrOγ(A3ϕ–X3Δ) | Many lines of Zr i, most predominant being the multiplets a3F–Z3F0, b3F–w3G0, a5F–y5G0 | All systems in emission. 5% oxygen added to the low pressure section suppressed the lines, but not the bands. 10% oxygen suppressed both bands and lines | (26) |
| | | | | ZrOβ(B3Π–X3Δ) | | | |
| | | | | ZrOα(C3Δ–X3Δ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | 6–8 | He | | | Many lines of Zr i, most predominant being the multiplets a3F–Z3F0, b3F–w3G0, a5F–y5G0 | | |